Enhancing Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy in Adolescent Girls through Modeling in Group-Based Problem-Solving Games
Keywords:
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, problem-solving group games, modeling, problem-solving skills, creativity, adolescent girlsAbstract
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of modeling in group-based problem-solving games on the development of entrepreneurial self-efficacy in adolescent girls in Khorramabad. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group was employed. The population included all female students in lower and upper secondary schools in Khorramabad during the 2025–2026 academic year. Thirty students meeting inclusion criteria were purposively selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 per group). The experimental group participated in sessions involving modeling through group-based problem-solving games, while the control group received no intervention. Data were collected using the Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (De Noble et al., 1999), the Problem-Solving Inventory (Heppner & Petersen, 1982), and the Creativity Questionnaire (Abedi, 1993). Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA) via SPSS 28. After controlling for pretest scores, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements compared to the control group in entrepreneurial self-efficacy (F=84.29, p<0.001, η²=0.525), problem-solving skills (F=34.62, p<0.001, η²=0.562), and creativity (F=27.15, p<0.001, η²=0.501). These results indicate the effectiveness of modeling in group-based problem-solving games in enhancing adolescents’ cognitive and entrepreneurial capabilities. Modeling in group-based problem-solving games is an effective method to enhance entrepreneurial self-efficacy, problem-solving skills, and creativity among adolescent girls and can be incorporated into school educational programs to strengthen students’ psychological and entrepreneurial competencies.
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