Causal Model of the Influence of Online Literacy with the Mediation of Academic Resilience and Anxiety on Online Learning Self-Efficacy in the E-Learning Environment of Payam Noor University, West Azarbaijan Province
Keywords:
Online literacy, academic resilience, anxiety, online learning self-efficacy, e-learningAbstract
The purpose of this study was to present a causal model examining the influence of online literacy, mediated by academic resilience and anxiety, on online learning self-efficacy among students at Payam Noor University in West Azarbaijan Province. This applied quantitative study employed a descriptive–correlational design using path analysis. The statistical population consisted of all students who had completed at least one online distance learning course (approximately 5,000 individuals). A sample of 357 students was selected using a simple random sampling method. Research instruments included the Resilience Questionnaire by Samuels and Wu (2009), the Online Self-Efficacy Scale by Estira (2020), and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (1988). Data analysis was performed using SPSS and LISREL software. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between online literacy and resilience, online literacy and self-efficacy, and resilience and self-efficacy. Conversely, online literacy and anxiety, as well as anxiety and self-efficacy, showed significant negative correlations. The indirect effect of online literacy on self-efficacy via resilience was significant, whereas its indirect effect via anxiety was not. Among the predictors of online self-efficacy, resilience had the strongest impact, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.46. The results indicate that differences in online literacy among learners may lead to variations in academic resilience and self-efficacy. Enhancing online literacy reduces anxiety and strengthens resilience, which in turn promotes higher online learning self-efficacy. Therefore, educators are advised to consider learners’ emotional states and implement timely psychological interventions to optimize online learning outcomes.
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