نقش پیش‌بینی‌کننده کارکرد خانواده، الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و تعارض والد–نوجوان در رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان عراقی: نقش میانجی نیازهای بنیادین روان‌شناختی

رحیم بدری گرگری; شهروز نعمتی; شهرام واحدی; عرفان جاسم احمد

Authors

Rahim Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Corresponding author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9579-5283
Shahrooz Nemati Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6898-9749
Shahram Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Translator https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-2294
Erfan PhD Student in Educational Psychology, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-8977

Keywords:

Family Functioning, Family Communication Patterns, Parent–Adolescent Conflict, Basic Psychological Needs, Risky Behaviors, Iraqi Adolescents

Abstract

This study investigated the predictive roles of family functioning, family communication patterns, and parent–adolescent conflict in Iraqi adolescents’ risky behaviors, with particular emphasis on the mediating role of basic psychological needs. This cross-sectional study employed a descriptive-correlational design based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population comprised all senior high school students in Salah al-Din Governorate, Iraq, during the 2025–2026 academic year. Using multistage cluster random sampling, 300 students were selected from schools in Tikrit and Samarra. Data were collected using standardized measures of family functioning, family communication patterns, parent–adolescent conflict, basic psychological needs, and risky behaviors. Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling were applied to analyze the data using SPSS and AMOS. Structural modeling indicated that poorer family functioning (β=0.343), conformity orientation (β=0.267), and parent–adolescent conflict (β=0.332) had significant positive effects on risky behaviors. In contrast, conversation orientation (β=−0.256) and satisfaction of basic psychological needs (β=−0.498) had significant negative effects on risky behaviors. Poorer family functioning (β=−0.394), conformity orientation (β=−0.286), and parent–adolescent conflict (β=−0.397) negatively predicted basic psychological needs, whereas conversation orientation positively predicted their satisfaction (β=0.374). The indirect effects of the family-related predictors on risky behaviors through basic psychological needs were also supported. The proposed model explained 50.3% of the variance in risky behaviors and 33.1% of the variance in basic psychological needs. Family functioning, communication patterns, and parent–adolescent conflict are important predictors of risky behaviors among Iraqi adolescents. Interventions that strengthen open family conversation, reduce coercive conformity and unresolved conflict, and support adolescents’ needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness may contribute to preventing or reducing risky behaviors in this population.

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